TGF-β1 enhanced myocardial differentiation through inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with rat BMSCs

Objective(s): To investigate and test the hypotheses that TGF-β1 enhanced myocardial differentiation through Wnt/β-catenin pathway with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).Materials and Methods: Lentiviral vectors carrying the TGF-β1 gene were transduced into rat BMSCs firstly. Then several kinds of experimental methods were used to elucidate the related mechanisms by which TGF-β1 adjusts myocardial differentiation in rat BMSCs. Results: Immunocytochemistry revealed that cTnI and Cx43 expressed positively in the cells that were transduced with TGF-β1. The results of Western blot (WB) test showed that the levels of intranuclear β-catenin and total β-catenin were all significantly decreased. However, the cytoplasmic β-catenin level was largely unchanged. Moreover, the levels of GSK-3β were largely unchanged in BMSCs, whereas phosphorylated GSK-3β was significantly decreased in BMSCs. When given the activator of Wnt/β-catenin pathway (lithium chloride, LiCl) to BMSCs transducted with TGF-β1, β-catenin was increased, while phosphorylated β-catenin was decreased. In addition, cyclinD1, MMP-7, and c-Myc protein in BMSCs transducted with Lenti-TGF-β1-GFP were significantly lower. Conclusion: These results indicate that TGF-β1 promotes BMSCs cardiomyogenic differentiation by promoting the phosphorylation of β-catenin and inhibiting cyclinD1, MMP-7, and c-Myc expression in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.